#region CPL License
/*
Nuclex Framework
Copyright (C) 2002-2017 Nuclex Development Labs

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the IBM Common Public License as
published by the IBM Corporation; either version 1.0 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.

This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
IBM Common Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the IBM Common Public
License along with this library
*/
#endregion

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace Nuclex.Support.Collections {

  /// <summary>View into a section of an IList&lt;T&gt; without copying said string</summary>
  /// <typeparam name="TElement">
  ///   Type of elements that are stored in the list the segment references
  /// </typeparam>
  /// <remarks>
  ///   <para>
  ///     The design of this class pretty much mirrors that of the
  ///     <see cref="T:System.ArraySegment" /> class found in the .NET framework, but is
  ///     specialized to be used for IList&lt;T&gt;, which can not be cast to arrays
  ///     directly (and <see cref="M:System.ArrayList.Adapter" /> loses type safety).
  ///   </para>
  ///   <para>
  ///     In certain situations, passing a ListSegment instead of storing the selected
  ///     elements in a new list is useful. For example, the caller might want to know
  ///     from which index of the original list the section was taken. When the original
  ///     list needs to be modified, for example in a sorting algorithm, the list segment
  ///     can be used to specify a region for the algorithm to work on while still accessing
  ///     the original list.
  ///   </para>
  /// </remarks>
#if !NO_SERIALIZATION
  [Serializable, StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
#endif
  public struct ListSegment<TElement> {

    /// <summary>
    ///   Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" /> class
    ///   that delimits all the elements in the specified string
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="list">List that will be wrapped</param>
    /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException">String is null</exception>
    public ListSegment(IList<TElement> list) {
      if(list == null) { // questionable, but matches behavior of ArraySegment class
        throw new ArgumentNullException("text", "Text must not be null");
      }

      this.list = list;
      this.offset = 0;
      this.count = list.Count;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" /> class
    ///   that delimits the specified range of the elements in the specified string
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="list">The list containing the range of elements to delimit</param>
    /// <param name="offset">The zero-based index of the first element in the range</param>
    /// <param name="count">The number of elements in the range</param>
    /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
    ///   Offset or count is less than 0
    /// </exception>
    /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">
    ///   Offset and count do not specify a valid range in array
    /// </exception>
    /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException">String is null</exception>
    public ListSegment(IList<TElement> list, int offset, int count) {
      if(list == null) { // questionable, but matches behavior of ArraySegment class
        throw new ArgumentNullException("list");
      }
      if(offset < 0) {
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(
          "offset", "Argument out of range, non-negative number required"
        );
      }
      if(count < 0) {
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(
          "count", "Argument out of range, non-negative number required"
        );
      }
      if(count > (list.Count - offset)) {
        throw new ArgumentException(
          "Invalid argument, specified offset and count exceed list size"
        );
      }

      this.list = list;
      this.offset = offset;
      this.count = count;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Gets the original list containing the range of elements that the list
    ///   segment delimits
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>
    ///   The original list that was passed to the constructor, and that contains the range
    ///   delimited by the <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" />
    /// </returns>
    public IList<TElement> List {
      get { return this.list; }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Gets the position of the first element in the range delimited by the list segment,
    ///   relative to the start of the original list
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>
    ///   The position of the first element in the range delimited by the
    ///   <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" />, relative to the start of the original list
    /// </returns>
    public int Offset {
      get { return this.offset; }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Gets the number of elements in the range delimited by the list segment
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>
    ///   The number of elements in the range delimited by
    ///   the <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" />
    /// </returns>
    public int Count {
      get { return this.count; }
    }

    /// <summary>Returns the hash code for the current instance</summary>
    /// <returns>A 32-bit signed integer hash code</returns>
    public override int GetHashCode() {
      int hashCode = this.offset ^ this.count;
      for(int index = 0; index < this.count; ++index) {
        hashCode ^= this.list[index + this.offset].GetHashCode();
      }
      return hashCode;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current instance
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>
    ///   True if the specified object is a <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" /> structure
    ///   and is equal to the current instance; otherwise, false
    /// </returns>
    /// <param name="other">The object to be compared with the current instance</param>
    public override bool Equals(object other) {
      return
        (other is ListSegment<TElement>) &&
        this.Equals((ListSegment<TElement>)other);
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Determines whether the specified <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" />
    ///   structure is equal to the current instance
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>
    ///   True if the specified <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" /> structure is equal
    ///   to the current instance; otherwise, false
    /// </returns>
    /// <param name="other">
    ///   The <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" /> structure to be compared with
    ///   the current instance
    /// </param>
    public bool Equals(ListSegment<TElement> other) {
      if(other.count != this.count) {
        return false;
      }

      if(ReferenceEquals(other.list, this.list)) {
        return (other.offset == this.offset);
      } else {
        var comparer = Comparer<TElement>.Default;
        for(int index = 0; index < this.count; ++index) {
          int difference = comparer.Compare(
            other.list[index + other.offset], this.list[index + this.offset]
          );
          if(difference != 0) {
            return false;
          }
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Indicates whether two <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" /> structures are equal
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>True if a is equal to b; otherwise, false</returns>
    /// <param name="left">
    ///   The <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" /> structure on the left side of
    ///   the equality operator
    /// </param>
    /// <param name="right">
    ///   The <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" /> structure on the right side of
    ///   the equality operator
    /// </param>
    public static bool operator ==(ListSegment<TElement> left, ListSegment<TElement> right) {
      return left.Equals(right);
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Indicates whether two <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" /> structures are unequal
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>True if a is not equal to b; otherwise, false</returns>
    /// <param name="left">
    ///   The <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" /> structure on the left side of
    ///   the inequality operator
    /// </param>
    /// <param name="right">
    ///   The <see cref="ListSegment&lt;TElement&gt;" /> structure on the right side of
    ///   the inequality operator
    /// </param>
    public static bool operator !=(ListSegment<TElement> left, ListSegment<TElement> right) {
      return !(left == right);
    }

    /// <summary>Returns a string representation of the list segment</summary>
    /// <returns>The string representation of the list segment</returns>
    public override string ToString() {
      var builder = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
      builder.Append("ListSegment {");
      for(int index = 0; index < Math.Min(this.count, 10); ++index) {
        if(index == 0) {
          builder.Append(" ");
        } else {
          builder.Append(", ");
        }
        builder.Append(this.list[index + this.offset].ToString());
      }

      if(this.count >= 11) {
        builder.Append(", ... }");
      } else {
        builder.Append(" }");
      }

      return builder.ToString();
    }

    /// <summary>Returns a new list containing only the elements in the list segment</summary>
    /// <returns>A new list containing only the elements in the list segment</returns>
    public List<TElement> ToList() {
      if(this.count == 0) {
        return new List<TElement>(capacity: 0);
      } else {
        var newList = new List<TElement>(capacity: this.count);
        {
          int endIndex = this.offset + this.count;
          for(int index = this.offset; index < endIndex; ++index) {
            newList.Add(this.list[index]);
          }
        }

        return newList;
      }
    }

    /// <summary>List wrapped by the list segment</summary>
    private IList<TElement> list;
    /// <summary>Offset in the original list the segment begins at</summary>
    private int offset;
    /// <summary>Number of elements in the segment</summary>
    private int count;

  }

} // namespace Nuclex.Support.Collections